BRF0108 Flat-B
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jesus+Christ+-+Passion">Jesus Christ - Passion</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+chalk+drawing+by+an+unknown+Italian+artist+was+identified+recently+as+an+early+copy+of+Jacopo+da+Pontormo%E2%80%99s+now-ruined+fresco+of+Christ+Carrying+the+Cross%2C+painted+in+1525+at+the+Certosa+da+Galluzo+near+Florence.+In+his+Lives+of+the+Artists+%281550%29%2C+Giorgio+Vasari+noted+that+Pontormo%E2%80%99s+fresco+was+deeply+indebted+to+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+woodcuts.">This chalk drawing by an unknown Italian artist was identified recently as an early copy of Jacopo da Pontormo’s now-ruined fresco of Christ Carrying the Cross, painted in 1525 at the Certosa da Galluzo near Florence. In his Lives of the Artists (1550), Giorgio Vasari noted that Pontormo’s fresco was deeply indebted to Dürer’s woodcuts.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pontormo%2C+Jacopo%2C+1494%E2%80%931557+%28follower%29">Pontormo, Jacopo, 1494–1557 (follower)</a>
BRF108 Flat-B. Follower of Jacopo Pontormo (1494–1557). <em>Christ Carrying the Cross</em>. Chalk drawing. Florence, 16th century.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=16th+century">16th century</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Influence
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Red chalk drawing on tinted paper
AER1214
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Gospels+-+Arabic">Gospels - Arabic</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+first+edition+of+the+Gospels+in+Arabic+was+illustrated+with+sixty-eight+woodcuts.+The+illustrations+were+designed+for+this+edition+by+the+Italian+painter+and+printmaker+Antonio+Tempesta+%281555%E2%80%931630%29.+Tempesta+was+a+highly+gifted+and+original+artist%2C+but+the+exhibited+image+corresponds+so+closely+to+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+woodcut+of+%3Cem%3EChrist+Nailed+to+the+Cross%3C%2Fem%3E+in+the+%3Cem%3ESmall+Passion%3C%2Fem%3E+that+its+creation+seems+to+have+been+intended+as+an+act+of+homage+to+great+the+German+printmaker.">This first edition of the Gospels in Arabic was illustrated with sixty-eight woodcuts. The illustrations were designed for this edition by the Italian painter and printmaker Antonio Tempesta (1555–1630). Tempesta was a highly gifted and original artist, but the exhibited image corresponds so closely to Dürer’s woodcut of <em>Christ Nailed to the Cross</em> in the <em>Small Passion</em> that its creation seems to have been intended as an act of homage to great the German printmaker.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Raimondi%2C+Giovanni+Battista%2C+1540%E2%80%931630%2C+editor+and+Tempesta%2C+Antonio%2C+1555%E2%80%931630%2C+artist.">Raimondi, Giovanni Battista, 1540–1630, editor and Tempesta, Antonio, 1555–1630, artist.</a>
AER1214. [Arabic Gospels]. <em>Evangelium sanctum Domini nostri Iesu Christi conscriptum a quatuor Evangelistis Sanctis, id est, Matthaeo, Marco, Luca, et Iohanne.</em> Rome: Typographia Medicea, 1591.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1591">1591</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Influence
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Arabic%3B+Latin">Arabic; Latin</a>
Gospels with woodcut illustrations
AFU6977
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jesus+Christ+-+Crucifixion">Jesus Christ - Crucifixion</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+early+engraving%2C+made+shortly+before+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+second+journey+to+Italy+in+1505%E2%80%9306%2C+reflects+the+artist%E2%80%99s+interest+in+transferring+the+ideals+of+Classical+art+to+Christian+subject+matter.+The+print+presents+the+Savior+in+the+%3Cem%3Econtrapposto%3C%2Fem%3E+pose+utilized+in+ancient+statuary+of+the+Classical+gods%2C+with+the+weight+of+the+body+shifted+to+one+side+and+the+shoulders+and+hips+turned+in+subtle+counter-balance.">This early engraving, made shortly before Dürer’s second journey to Italy in 1505–06, reflects the artist’s interest in transferring the ideals of Classical art to Christian subject matter. The print presents the Savior in the <em>contrapposto</em> pose utilized in ancient statuary of the Classical gods, with the weight of the body shifted to one side and the shoulders and hips turned in subtle counter-balance.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
AFU6977. Albrecht Dürer. <em>The Man of Sorrows.</em> Engraving. Nuremberg, c. 1503.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ca.+1503">ca. 1503</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Engraving print
BRA1067
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jesus+Christ+-+Passion">Jesus Christ - Passion</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soon+after+the+completion+of+his+major+illustrated+books+of+1511%2C+D%C3%BCrer+initiated+a+period+of+experimentation+with+new+engraving+techniques+that+lasted+until+1518+including+%3Cem%3Edrypoint%3C%2Fem%3E+and+%3Cem%3Eetching%3C%2Fem%3E.+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+%3Cem%3EAgony+in+the+Garden%3C%2Fem%3E%2C+one+of+the+first+etchings+produced+by+a+German+artist%2C+reveals+the+sketch%E2%80%93like+freedom+of+movement+that+the+etching+medium+allowed%2C+as+opposed+to+the+laborious+control+of+the+burin+that+traditional+engraving+required.">Soon after the completion of his major illustrated books of 1511, Dürer initiated a period of experimentation with new engraving techniques that lasted until 1518 including <em>drypoint</em> and <em>etching</em>. Dürer’s <em>Agony in the Garden</em>, one of the first etchings produced by a German artist, reveals the sketch–like freedom of movement that the etching medium allowed, as opposed to the laborious control of the burin that traditional engraving required.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA1067. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Agony in the Garden</em>. Etching. Nuremberg, 1515.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1515">1515</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=English">English</a>
Etching print
BRF0224
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Melancholy+-+Personification">Melancholy - Personification</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+most+problematic+masterpiece%2C%3Cem%3E+Melencolia+I%2C%3C%2Fem%3E+must+be+considered+an+experimental+print%2C+for+there+are+no+others+like+it+in+his+oeuvre+or+in+the+art+of+his+time.">Dürer’s most problematic masterpiece,<em> Melencolia I,</em> must be considered an experimental print, for there are no others like it in his oeuvre or in the art of his time.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRF0224. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Melencolia I</em>. Engraving. Nuremberg, 1514.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1514">1514</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Engraving print
BRA0253
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Apostles">Apostles</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=In+1514+D%C3%BCrer+also+began+a+series+of+small+engravings+of+Christ%E2%80%99s+apostles.+The+first+two+produced+were+of+%3Cem%3ESt.+Paul%3C%2Fem%3E+and+%3Cem%3ESt.+Thomas%3C%2Fem%3E.+In+the+exhibited+print%2C+St.+Thomas+holds+both+a+Bible+and+his+traditional+attribute%2C+the+spear+with+which+he+supposedly+was+martyred+in+Madras%2C+India%2C+according+to+the+apocryphal+%3Cem%3EActs+of+St.+Thomas%3C%2Fem%3E.+The+radiant+halo+casts+his+fierce+facial+features+into+shadowy+silhouette.">In 1514 Dürer also began a series of small engravings of Christ’s apostles. The first two produced were of <em>St. Paul</em> and <em>St. Thomas</em>. In the exhibited print, St. Thomas holds both a Bible and his traditional attribute, the spear with which he supposedly was martyred in Madras, India, according to the apocryphal <em>Acts of St. Thomas</em>. The radiant halo casts his fierce facial features into shadowy silhouette.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA0253. Albrecht Dürer. <em>St. Thomas the Apostle</em>. Engraving. Nuremberg, 1514.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1514">1514</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Engraving print
BRA0254
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Apostles">Apostles</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=D%C3%BCrer+added+two+more+engravings+to+his+series+of+apostles+in+1523%3A%3Cem%3E+St.+Bartholomew%3C%2Fem%3E+and+%3Cem%3ESt.+Simon%3C%2Fem%3E.+In+the+print+of+St.+Simon%2C+the+artist+dispensed+with+the+medieval+tradition+of+the+halo%2C+concentrating+instead+on+the+apostle%E2%80%99s+grave+dignity+and+the+terrible+specter+of+his+attribute%2C+the+jagged+saw+with+which+he+was+martyred.+At+this+point+in+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+career+his+religious+subject+matter+was+entirely+biblical%2C+likely+in+response+to+his+admiration+of+Martin+Luther.">Dürer added two more engravings to his series of apostles in 1523:<em> St. Bartholomew</em> and <em>St. Simon</em>. In the print of St. Simon, the artist dispensed with the medieval tradition of the halo, concentrating instead on the apostle’s grave dignity and the terrible specter of his attribute, the jagged saw with which he was martyred. At this point in Dürer’s career his religious subject matter was entirely biblical, likely in response to his admiration of Martin Luther.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA0254. Albrecht Dürer. <em>St. Simon the Apostle</em>. Engraving. Nuremberg, 1523.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1523">1523</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Engraving print
BRA0256
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Apostles">Apostles</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+fifth+and+last+of+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+engraved+apostles+bears+the+date+1526+%28altered+from+1523%29.+At+that+time+D%C3%BCrer+was+preparing+a+large+two%E2%80%93panel+painting+called+%3Cem%3EThe+Four+Apostles%3C%2Fem%3E+for+the+Town+Hall+of+the+city+of+Nuremberg.+The+painting%2C+inscribed+with+lengthy+excerpts+from+Luther%E2%80%99s+German+translation+of+the+Bible%2C+includes+a+monumental+figure+of+St.+Paul%2C+whose+flowing+robes+were+borrowed+by+the+artist+directly+from+his+own+%3Cem%3ESt.+Philip%3C%2Fem%3E+engraving.">The fifth and last of Dürer’s engraved apostles bears the date 1526 (altered from 1523). At that time Dürer was preparing a large two–panel painting called <em>The Four Apostles</em> for the Town Hall of the city of Nuremberg. The painting, inscribed with lengthy excerpts from Luther’s German translation of the Bible, includes a monumental figure of St. Paul, whose flowing robes were borrowed by the artist directly from his own <em>St. Philip</em> engraving.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA0256. Albrecht Dürer. <em>St. Philip the Apostle.</em> Engraving. Nuremberg, 1526.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1526">1526</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Engraver
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Engraving print
AFG4826
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Luther%2C+Martin%2C+1483%E2%80%931546+-+Portraits">Luther, Martin, 1483–1546 - Portraits</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Despite+his+wishes%2C+D%C3%BCrer+never+had+the+opportunity+to+portray+Luther+from+life.+Most+Europeans+came+to+recognize+Luther%E2%80%99s+features+through+portraits+by+Lucas+Cranach+the+Elder+%281472%E2%80%931553%29%2C+who+became+one+of+Luther%E2%80%99s+closest+friends%2C+and+Hans+Baldung+Grien+%28c.+1484%E2%80%931545%29%2C+who+was+trained+in+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+workshop+between+1503+and+1507.+The+exhibited+woodcut+by+Baldung+Grien%2C+dated+1521%2C+depicts+Luther+while+he+was+still+an+Augustinian+canon.">Despite his wishes, Dürer never had the opportunity to portray Luther from life. Most Europeans came to recognize Luther’s features through portraits by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–1553), who became one of Luther’s closest friends, and Hans Baldung Grien (c. 1484–1545), who was trained in Dürer’s workshop between 1503 and 1507. The exhibited woodcut by Baldung Grien, dated 1521, depicts Luther while he was still an Augustinian canon.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Luther%2C+Martin%2C+1483%E2%80%931546%2C+Juda%2C+Leo%2C+1482%E2%80%931542%2C+translator%2C+Cranach%2C+Lucas%2C+1472%E2%80%931553%2C+engraver%2C+and+Schott%2C+Johann%2C+1477%E2%80%931548%2C+printer.">Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, Juda, Leo, 1482–1542, translator, Cranach, Lucas, 1472–1553, engraver, and Schott, Johann, 1477–1548, printer.</a>
AFG4826. Martin Luther (1483–1546). <em>Postil, oder Uszleg der Epistel und Evangelien durch den Advent.</em> [Strasbourg: Johann Schott, 1522].
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1522">1522</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Book of sermons with woodcut illustrations
BRA0255
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Melanchthon%2C+Philipp%2C+1497%E2%80%931560+-+Portrait">Melanchthon, Philipp, 1497–1560 - Portrait</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=A+friend+of+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+since+1518%2C+Philipp+Melanchthon+%281497%E2%80%931560%29+was+Germany%E2%80%99s+leading+scholar+of+biblical+languages+and+Luther%E2%80%99s+most+important+colleague+in+the+promotion+of+his+theological+reforms.+In+1526%2C+the+great+Wittenberg+reformer+was+living+in+Nuremberg+at+the+home+of+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+friend%2C+Wilibald+Pirckheimer.+He+sat+for+a+portrait+drawing+that+D%C3%BCrer+converted+into+this+engraving%2C+the+earliest+of+all+known+portraits+of+Melanchthon.">A friend of Dürer’s since 1518, Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was Germany’s leading scholar of biblical languages and Luther’s most important colleague in the promotion of his theological reforms. In 1526, the great Wittenberg reformer was living in Nuremberg at the home of Dürer’s friend, Wilibald Pirckheimer. He sat for a portrait drawing that Dürer converted into this engraving, the earliest of all known portraits of Melanchthon.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA0255. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Philipp Melanchthon.</em> Engraving. Nuremberg, 1526.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1526">1526</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Latin">Latin</a>
Engraving print
AFW5031
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Last+Supper+">Last Supper </a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=One+of+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+last+woodcuts%2C+the+%3Cem%3ELast+Supper%3C%2Fem%3E+of+1523%2C+has+been+interpreted+in+terms+of+the+theological+debate+over+the+conduct+and+meaning+of+the+Eucharist+during+the+early+years+of+the+Reformation.+D%C3%BCrer+changed+the+central+focus+of+the+%3Cem%3ELast+Supper%3C%2Fem%3E+narrative+to+illustrate+the+key+biblical+passage+to+which+Luther+devoted+the+greatest+emphasis+in+the+preface+to+his+1522+New+Testament+translation+%28John+13%3A34%29.%C2%A0">One of Dürer’s last woodcuts, the <em>Last Supper</em> of 1523, has been interpreted in terms of the theological debate over the conduct and meaning of the Eucharist during the early years of the Reformation. Dürer changed the central focus of the <em>Last Supper</em> narrative to illustrate the key biblical passage to which Luther devoted the greatest emphasis in the preface to his 1522 New Testament translation (John 13:34). </a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
AFW5031. Albrecht Dürer. <em>The Last Supper.</em> Woodcut. Nuremberg, 1523.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1523">1523</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=None">None</a>
Woodcut print
BRB0736/A
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German+Catechism">German Catechism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+cultural+legacy+of+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+art+lived+on+long+after+his+death+in+1528.+In+this+1571+catechism+for+Lutheran+children%2C+the+lessons+concerning+Baptism+and+Communion+were+introduced+by+two+illustrations.+Judas+has+already+departed+from+the+meal+and+Christ+extends+his+hand+to+pronounce+his+New+Commandment.+This+interpretation+of+the+Last+Supper%2C+not+as+the+institution+of+a+ritual+but+as+a+promise+of+salvation%2C+could+not+have+existed+without+the+precedent+set+by+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+innovative+%3Cem%3ELast+Supper%3C%2Fem%3E+of+1523.">The cultural legacy of Dürer’s art lived on long after his death in 1528. In this 1571 catechism for Lutheran children, the lessons concerning Baptism and Communion were introduced by two illustrations. Judas has already departed from the meal and Christ extends his hand to pronounce his New Commandment. This interpretation of the Last Supper, not as the institution of a ritual but as a promise of salvation, could not have existed without the precedent set by Dürer’s innovative <em>Last Supper</em> of 1523.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Luther%2C+Martin%2C+1483%E2%80%931546%2C+Spangenberg%2C+Johann%2C+and+Schwertel%2C+Johann%2C+active+1565%E2%80%931577%2C+printer.">Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, Spangenberg, Johann, and Schwertel, Johann, active 1565–1577, printer.</a>
BRB0736/A. Martin Luther (1483–1546). <em>Der gros Catechismus und Kinder Lere.</em> Wittenberg: Johannes Schwertel, 1571.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1571">1571</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Catechism with woodcut illustrations
BRA0128
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reformation+-+Anti-Catholic+Literature">Reformation - Anti-Catholic Literature</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+1564+reprinting+of+Luther%E2%80%99s+%3Cem%3EPassional+Christi+und+Antichristi%3C%2Fem%3E+includes+26+woodcuts+by+Lucas+Cranach+the+Elder+that+were+first+printed+in+1521.+These+highly+effective+polemical+prints+compared+the+ministry+of+Christ+against+the+corruption+of+the+Antichrist%2C+identified+as+the+pope+in+Rome.">This 1564 reprinting of Luther’s <em>Passional Christi und Antichristi</em> includes 26 woodcuts by Lucas Cranach the Elder that were first printed in 1521. These highly effective polemical prints compared the ministry of Christ against the corruption of the Antichrist, identified as the pope in Rome.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Luther%2C+Martin%2C+1483%E2%80%931546%2C+Cranach%2C+Lucas%2C+1472%E2%80%931553%2C+and+Gaubisch%2C+Urban%2C+1527%E2%80%931612%2C+printer.">Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, Cranach, Lucas, 1472–1553, and Gaubisch, Urban, 1527–1612, printer.</a>
BRA0128. Martin Luther (1483–1546). <em>Der Erste Theil der Bücher, Schrifften, und Predigten.</em> Eisleben: Urban Gaubisch, 1564.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1564">1564</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Book with woodcut illustrations
BRA0930
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=New+Testament+-+German">New Testament - German</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Martin+Luther%27s+second+edition+German+Bible%2C+translated+from+the+original+Greek%2C+known+as+%22Dezembertestament%22+or+the+%22December+Testament%22+includes+woodcut+illustrations+done+by+Lucas+Cranach+the+Elder.+Closely+based+on+the+%3Cem%3EApocalypse%3C%2Fem%3E+woodcuts+of+1498%2C+Cranach%E2%80%99s+illustrations+for+the+Book+of+Revelation+simplified+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+visionary+compositions%2C+giving+them+a+more+immediate+impact+and+removing+certain+details+that+had+combined+diverse+chapters+of+the+text+within+a+single+image.">Martin Luther's second edition German Bible, translated from the original Greek, known as "Dezembertestament" or the "December Testament" includes woodcut illustrations done by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Closely based on the <em>Apocalypse</em> woodcuts of 1498, Cranach’s illustrations for the Book of Revelation simplified Dürer’s visionary compositions, giving them a more immediate impact and removing certain details that had combined diverse chapters of the text within a single image.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Luther%2C+Martin%2C+1483%E2%80%931546%2C+tr.%2C+Cranach%2C+Lucas%2C+1472%E2%80%931553%2C+and+Lotter%2C+Melchior%2C+approximately+1470%E2%80%931549%2C+printer.">Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, tr., Cranach, Lucas, 1472–1553, and Lotter, Melchior, approximately 1470–1549, printer.</a>
BRA0930. [German New Testament]. <em>Das Newe Testament Deutzsch.</em> Translated by Martin Luther. Wittemberg: Melchior Lotther, [December] 1522.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1522%2F12%2F01">1522/12/01</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
Reformation
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Bible with woodcut illustrations
BRA1017/B
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Geometrical+drawing+-+Art">Geometrical drawing - Art</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=In+this+treatise+D%C3%BCrer+explained+the+basic+principles+of+%E2%80%9Cthe+art+of+measurement%2C+without+which+no+one+can+become+a+true+artisan.%E2%80%9D+Illustrated+with+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+woodcuts+throughout%2C+the+book+concerns+linear+geometry%2C+two%E2%80%93dimensional+figures%2C+geometric+solids%2C+methods+of+rendering+linear+perspective%2C+and+various+applications+of+measurement+to+architecture%2C+engineering%2C+and+decoration.">In this treatise Dürer explained the basic principles of “the art of measurement, without which no one can become a true artisan.” Illustrated with Dürer’s woodcuts throughout, the book concerns linear geometry, two–dimensional figures, geometric solids, methods of rendering linear perspective, and various applications of measurement to architecture, engineering, and decoration.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528+and+Formschneyder%2C+Hieronymus%2C+d.+1556%2C+wood-engraver.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528 and Formschneyder, Hieronymus, d. 1556, wood-engraver.</a>
BRA1017/B. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Underweysung der Messung, mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt, in Linien Ebnen unnd gantzen Corporen… mit zů gehörigen Figuren.</em> Nuremberg: [Albrecht Dürer], 1525.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1525">1525</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
LastBooks
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Art treatise with woodcut illustrations
BRA1017/C
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Fortification">Fortification</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+book+provided+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+models+for+the+fortification+of+cities%2C+castles%2C+and+smaller+outposts.+His+woodcut+diagrams+show+various+defenses+combining+moats%2C+ditches%2C+earthen+bulwarks%2C+projecting+bastions%2C+corner+blockhouses%2C+and+somewhat+fanciful+stone+towers+for+artillery+stations.+Although+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+work+did+not+exert+great+influence%2C+it+was+among+the+first+books+to+combine+complete+sets+of+plans%2C+sections%2C+and+elevations+for+the+solution+of+practical+architectural+problems.">This book provided Dürer’s models for the fortification of cities, castles, and smaller outposts. His woodcut diagrams show various defenses combining moats, ditches, earthen bulwarks, projecting bastions, corner blockhouses, and somewhat fanciful stone towers for artillery stations. Although Dürer’s work did not exert great influence, it was among the first books to combine complete sets of plans, sections, and elevations for the solution of practical architectural problems.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528.</a>
BRA1017/C. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Etliche Underricht zu Befestigung der Stett, Schloss, und Flecken.</em> Nuremberg: [Albrecht Dürer], 1527.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1527">1527</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
LastBooks
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Architecture book with woodcut illustrations
BRA1017/A
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Human+figure+proportion+-+art">Human figure proportion - art</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+treatise+on+human+proportions+represented+the+culmination+of+nearly+three+decades+of+investigation+into+the+anatomical+workings+and+proportions+of+the+human+body+-+the+first+of+its+kind+in+northern+European+art.+In+numerous+woodcut+diagrams%2C+D%C3%BCrer+developed+a+system+of+measurements+of+the+body.+Dedicated+to+D%C3%BCrer%E2%80%99s+friend+Wilibald+Pirckheimer%2C+this+work+was+not+finished+when+the+artist+died+on+April+6%2C+1528.+It+was+published+posthumously+for+Agnes+D%C3%BCrer%2C+the+artist%E2%80%99s+widow%2C+with+a+Latin+memorial+composed+by+Pirckheimer+in+honor+of+Germany%E2%80%99s+greatest+artist.">Dürer’s treatise on human proportions represented the culmination of nearly three decades of investigation into the anatomical workings and proportions of the human body - the first of its kind in northern European art. In numerous woodcut diagrams, Dürer developed a system of measurements of the body. Dedicated to Dürer’s friend Wilibald Pirckheimer, this work was not finished when the artist died on April 6, 1528. It was published posthumously for Agnes Dürer, the artist’s widow, with a Latin memorial composed by Pirckheimer in honor of Germany’s greatest artist.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Du%CC%88rer%2C+Albrecht%2C+1471%E2%80%931528%2C+Pirckheimer%2C+Willibald%2C+1470%E2%80%931530%2C+and+Formschneider%2C+Hieronymus%2C+fl.+1532%E2%80%931555%2C+publisher.">Dürer, Albrecht, 1471–1528, Pirckheimer, Willibald, 1470–1530, and Formschneider, Hieronymus, fl. 1532–1555, publisher.</a>
BRA1017/A. Albrecht Dürer. <em>Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion.</em> Nuremberg: Hieronymus Formschneyder for Albrecht Dürer’s widow, 1528.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections">Bridwell Library Special Collections</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1528">1528</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Please+cite+Bridwell+Library+Special+Collections%2C+SMU%2C+as+the+source+of+this+file.+A+high-resolution+version+of+this+file+may+be+obtained+by+contacting+Special+Collections+%28bridsc%40smu.edu%29.">Please cite Bridwell Library Special Collections, SMU, as the source of this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained by contacting Special Collections (bridsc@smu.edu).</a>
LastBooks
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=42&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Displayed+as+.jpg">Displayed as .jpg</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=German">German</a>
Art treatise with woodcut illustrations