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Collection: "Heresy and Error": The Ecclesiastical Censorship of Books, 1400–1800
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AFW8190
Rabbi Abravenel's commentary on the Hebrew Haggadah was written in Italy. Venetian law did not permit Jews to own or operate printing presses so this second edition was printed by a Christian printer. The final leaf, dated 1617, has the signatures of…
BRB0020
In this three-part work, the most conservative of the theologians at the University of Paris outlined his objections to the commentaries of two leading biblical scholars, Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (c. 1455–1546) and Erasmus of Rotterdam. Béda's…
BRA0050
Throughout the history of Christianity, various ecclesiastical authorities have argued that their jurisdiction over the censorship of books has a scriptural basis. To that end, the Index librorum prohibitorum published by the Catholic Church in 1758…
ACZ7178
This catalogue of heretical writings was compiled during the first years of the Protestant Reformation by Bernard of Luxemburg, a Dominican theologian and Inquisitor of Cologne. It was among the first publications to identify the "heretical" works of…
BRA0326
The second edition of the Catalogus haereticorum includes an allegorical woodcut of the "statua hereticalis" ("effigy of the heretic"). While the heretic listens to the hot air bellowed into his ear by a winged demon, two other monsters below prepare…
BRA2759
Erroneous passages in this collection of medieval Canon Law compiled for Pope Boniface VIII were expurgated by gluing blank paper slips over the offending glosses. A Latin inscription added at the beginning of the book c. 1570 states that the text…
BRB0391
Under the entry "Hieronymi Savonarolae Ferrariensis sermones," this Index of 1711 lists Savonarola's fifteen prohibited sermons and his book, Dialogo de la verità prophetica.
BRA0270
In later editions of the Index librorum prohibitorum, the three classes were interspersed in one alphabetical sequence, so that heretical authors, prohibited titles, and anonymous works could be more easily found in one sequence. This book has an…
19461
In the first edition of the official decrees of the Council of Trent the necessity of an organized approach to censorship was clearly stated in the summary of the eighteenth Tridentine session.
AFH7502
The Tridentine Index of 1564 presented ten rules that were established by the Council of Trent to control the censorship of texts. In the Index librorum prohibitorum that accompanies this 1664 edition of the Council's decrees, the ten rules were…
AFR8866
As the Inquisition could pursue Protestant agitators outside of Spain, the Swiss publisher of this Spanish New Testament concealed his identity by using the pseudonym "Juan Philadelpho" and claiming Venice as the place of publication. The small size…
BRB0242
The Catholic Church actively defended its suppression of controversial literature. This collection of seven essays by the Bishop of Roermond in the Netherlands includes one concerning the need for censorship of the press. Praising the essential role…
BRB0116
The Catholic theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam continued to modify his Annotationes on the New Testament for many years following their first publication in 1516. In 1526, however, the Annotationes were condemned by the Faculty of Theology at the…
Prothro B-478
This commentary on the New Testament by the Catholic theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam, contains numerous passages that were inked out or excised by a censor because they were considered inconsistent with traditional interpretations of the scriptures.…
AER6426
In 1552, in an unprecedented action by a printer, Estienne published this response to the Sorbonne's condemnations, offering an introductory account of his two decades of conflict with the Parisian censors and a point-for-point defense of his Bible.…
BRA0851
Galileo's "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican" remains one of the most significant books in the history of science. Controversy arose over Galileo's proof of the Copernican cosmology, which placed the sun, not…
06314
The first papal decree to list forbidden writings was the Decretum Gelasianum, attributed to Pope Gelasius (d. 496). While this list canonized the works of St. Augustine, St. Jerome, and other "orthodox fathers," it also enumerated which Christian…
AEV5660
In this English translation of the Baron of Holbach's atheistic manifesto, Bon Sens, ou idées naturelles opposées aux idées surnaturelles, first published at Amsterdam in 1772, the lengthy footnote on page 137 explaining how priests were "enemies of…
BRA0001
The anonymous Lyon edition of the "Dance of Death," the first to be illustrated with woodcuts designed by Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1498–1543), was banned by the Faculty of Theology in 1551 because it parodied the morals of the clergy and all…
06401
This translation of the Legenda aurea by William Caxton (c. 1422–1491) is the first English edition of Jacobus de Voragine's highly popular compendium of saints' lives. In Bridwell Library's copy, as in several others that survive, several leaves…
BRA0945
Several chapters in the Legenda aurea (the "Golden Legend") expanded upon biblical narratives in ways that were unacceptable to the Catholic Church. In this Madrid edition, a censor has deleted the apocryphal tale of the two midwives, found nowhere…
06721
King Ferdinand V (1452–1516) invited the Bishop of Coria to write the Luzero de la vida cristiana ("Morning Star of the Christian Life") in order to "expel the darkness of ignorance" from Spain, particularly among Jews and Muslims who had endured…
AFD2103
In 1546 the Faculty of Theology at the Sorbonne condemned this edition of the Bible, declaring that it was "scattered with things that are erroneous, conducive to scandals, favoring Lutherans, and breathing heresies long ago condemned." Zurich…
07017
The text of the Psalms, printed in large letters, is surrounded with commentary by David ben Joseph Ḳimḥi (c. 1160–c. 1235) in smaller types. A Christian censor used ink and small sheets of paper to omit words from commentary and entire passages.
33560
In Bridwell Library's copy of the 1785 Venetian edition of St. Alfonso María de Ligorio's work, the passage condemned by the Mexican Inquisition in 1804 has been thoroughly deleted in ink. As the broadside explained, the passage questions the…
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